GSTM1 and anemia (phenotype): Anaemia is defined as haemoglobin (Hb) below established sex, age, and pregnancy-specific cut-off values in a population influenced by age, smoking and altitude.1 The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates anaemia affects 30-55% young adults worldwide.2 The National Nutrition Survey (NNS 2018) reported that anaemia affects 41.7% of non-pregnant women in Pakistan.