Compared with patients without ACI, patients who developed ACI were older, had more comorbidities (e.g. hypertension, DM, CHD, and COPD), lower readings of the lymphocyte count, eGFR and OOS, but higher readings of the leukocyte count, ALT, IL-6, hs-CRP, and NT-proBNP on admission (all P < 0.05) (Table 2). Here, GPT is linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.