Neoadjuvant trials are an ideal setting for exploring predictive biomarkers and same markers as in advanced disease are being explored in resectable NSCLC, that include four major categories: tumour cell-associated biomarkers as PD-L1 expression and TMB, tumor microenvironment-related biomarkers, liquid biopsy-related biomarkers and host-related markers. Here, CD274 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.