CSF3R and neoplasm: For example, in the case of aggressive tumors with high-level expression of G-CSF/G-CSFR, such as breast cancer, gastric and colon cancers, squamous cell cancers of the head and neck and neuroblastoma, data derived from pre-clinical in vitro studies and animal models of tumorigenesis, as well as from histological/genotypic analysis of biopsy specimens from patients, have revealed the existence of autocrine mechanisms of tumor proliferation [10,80,85,86,87].