In the case of breast cancer, systemic levels of G-CSF are significantly increased in patients with advanced but not early disease, being highest in those with aggressive, invasive N3 tumors [81], with expression of the G-CSFR detected in 71% of patients with invasive ductal adenocarcinomas (stage T1-2 NOMO) [82]. The gene discussed is CSF3; the disease is breast carcinoma.