We have just described that fumarate accumulation triggers cancer progression possibly through the hyperactivation of NRF2; on the other hand, dimethyl fumarate (DMF), a cell permeable methyl ester of fumaric acid, has been approved by the FDA for the treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis and psoriasis in relation to its anti-inflammatory properties [32,158]. The gene discussed is NFE2L2; the disease is cancer.