TMEM97 and cancer: In order to improve the targeting of TEL, sigma-2 receptor ligand, 3-(4-cyclohexylpiperazine-1-yl) propyl amine (CPPA), was linked to nanostructured lipid particles containing TEL (CPPA-TEL-NLPs) (Figure 4A), CPPA-TEL-NLPs enter the PC-3 cells via sigma-2-receptor-mediated endocytosis and subsequently activate multiple apoptosis pathways to kill cancer cells.