The overall data indicated that exosomal miR-21 and miR-29a, identified in exosome-derived lung cancer cells, bind to human TLR8 (and mouse TLR7) and induce the NF-kB pathway, which, in turn, increases the secretion of TNF-α and IL-6 and potentially induces an inflammatory response by macrophages that may promote tumor progression. Here, TLR8 is linked to neoplasm.