Moreover, the role for NLR inflammasome modulation and caspase-1 activation in mucosal inflammation has been shown to be implicated in IBD and IBS pathophysiology in human [32,47]; a study that compared IBD and IBS-D patients with healthy controls, reported elevated intestinal epithelial cell counts with activated caspase-1 staining [48]. This evidence concerns the gene CASP1 and irritable bowel syndrome.