TNF and neoplasm: This resembles chronically injured tissue in a persistent inflammatory state characterized by secretion of adipokines and cytokines fostering tumor growth, such as interleukins (IL) IL-8, IL-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1), adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, as well as production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), prostaglandins and leukotrienes by activated macrophages [58,76,77,78].