Over the last 3 years, the anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) nivolumab and pembrolizumab and the anti-PD-L1 mAb atezolizumab received approval for the treatment of advanced NSCLC after failure of first-line chemotherapy based on the overall survival (OS) benefit over docetaxel demonstrated in phase III trials (CHECKMATE-017 and 057 for nivolumab [2, 3], KEYNOTE-010 [4] for pembrolizumab, OAK [5] for atezolizumab. Here, PDCD1 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.