Through specimen examination of patients with CKD (including membranous nephritis, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and thrombotic microangiopathy), which showed fibrotic lesions in kidney tissues (Supplementary Figure 3), we also detected increased expression of TNFSF14 and its receptors in biopsy kidney tissues (Figure 2A and 2B) and in serum (Figure 2C). This evidence concerns the gene TNFSF14 and chronic kidney disease.