VEGF and basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2), strong modulators of angiogenesis, cause the remodulation and inflammation of bronchial cells which causes several lung disorders like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary hypertension, asthma and IPF (Laddha and Kulkarni 2019) (Fig. 2c). Here, FGF2 is linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.