VEGF and basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2), strong modulators of angiogenesis, cause the remodulation and inflammation of bronchial cells which causes several lung disorders like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary hypertension, asthma and IPF (Laddha and Kulkarni 2019) (Fig. 2c). The gene discussed is VEGFA; the disease is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.