The most upregulated genes in PVEC/PVEC + NPC vs. ABEC/ABEC + NPC were insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (Igfbp2), Lox, fibromodulin (Fmod), Myl9, Gpc4, collagen, type I, alpha 2 (Col1a2), Slc1a3 and Pdpn; the most downregulated genes were Pecam1, Tie1, Nos3, Gpr116/Adgrf5, Emcn, Lyve1 and Cldn5. In addition to previously discussed EC markers (Pecam1, Tie1 and Nos3), Gpr116/Adgrf5, an adhesion molecule that is also broadly expressed in EC, was 10,000-fold lower in PVEC/PVEC + NPC vs. ABEC/ABEC + NPC. Here, COL1A2 is linked to nasopharyngeal carcinoma.