CCL2 and cancer: Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2), a key member of the CC chemokine family, is associated with inflammatory diseases and cancers, including ovarian [21], colon [22], and prostate cancers [23] etc. MCP-1 is produced by endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, and monocytes [24, 25] constitutively or through stimulations.