TGFB1 and polycystic ovary syndrome: Using activation z-score > 2 in combination with p < 0.05 for more stringent analysis, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) identified TGFβ1, an adipogenic inhibitor, as a putative upstream regulator of differentially expressed genes consistently across all late-stage adipogenesis time points at days 3, 7, and 12, and showed decreased TGFβ1 expression in PCOS cells compared to control cells (p < 7.6 × 10–9, z > 2.0, days 3, 7, 12), consistent with enhanced adipogenesis previously observed in PCOS ASC-derived adipocytes [25].