CTLA4 and urothelial carcinoma: Similarly, supporting the clinical investigation of combining immune checkpoint inhibitors with VTP, Corradi et al. showed that the combination of VTP and anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) effectively treated the primary tumors, prevented lung metastasis, and extended survival in a urothelial carcinoma syngeneic mouse model [36].