However, CLL cells also possess this marker, and it appears that CD 38 binds with CD31 ligand, expressed by NLCs and leads to ZAP-70 phosphorylation, which will further activate the BCR and through signaling pathways like PI3Ks and BTK will enhance CLL cells proliferation and survival [141]. This evidence concerns the gene ZAP70 and B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia.