TNF and neoplasm: Cytokines like TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TGF-β, stimulate epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) [66,67,68,69,70,71], by which tumor cells gain multi-directional differentiation and self-renewal potential, and the ability to migrate and invade tissues, creating an ideal background for treatment resistance in tumors [72,73].