SYP and dementia: In humans with dementia with Lewy bodies, Kramer and Schulz-Schaeffer [28] found that the neurodegeneration associated with this dementia may be due mainly to α-synuclein that forms presynaptic aggregates associated with syntaxin and synaptophysin and this phenomenon is independent of the few, large juxtanuclear, neuronal inclusions that are also α-synuclein-positive (only the latter defined here as Lewy bodies).