There were no significant differences observed in biomarkers and markers of vascular inflammation and oxidative stress associated with retinopathy such as oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), high sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP) and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1) between the two groups (results were available for sub-group of 54 patients). This evidence concerns the gene VCAM1 and retinal disorder.