We injected ET-1 (2 μg/μl; 2.5 μl each site; 6 sites for left cortex, with 5 mm apart between two sites, and 6 sites for right cortex) (Supplementary Figure S1B, red box) into both left side and right side of the monkey motor cortex to induce focal ischemic stroke. Here, EDN1 is linked to ischemic stroke.