TRAF5 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Interestingly, there have been studies showing that TRAF5 is associated with chronic inflammation-related diseases, which demonstrate that TRAF5 plays protective roles in atherosclerosis and obesity-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (Missiou et al., 2010; Gao et al., 2016).