Lastly, in human embryonic kidney 293T cells and human osteosarcoma U2OS cells, the nuclear non-receptor tyrosine kinase c-Abl can enhance the stability of nuclear IκBα through Tyr305 phosphorylation, allowing IκBα to accumulate in the nucleus and thereby inhibiting NF-κB activation caused by TNF-α stimulation (Kawai et al., 2002). The gene discussed is NFKBIA; the disease is osteosarcoma.