TLR3 and cancer: Moreover, studies have found that the activation of TLR3 alone or IFN-γ in macrophage cannot trigger the anti-tumor activity of macrophages, but the combined intervention of the two can enhance the M1 polarization of macrophages to activate the tumor-killing activity of macrophages (146), which also means that the combined use of IFN-γ and TLR3 agonists may be useful for macrophage-based cancers immunotherapy.