TNF and preeclampsia: TNF-α, another member of tumor necrosis factor superfamily, is involved in proceeding decidualization, placentation, and prevention from abortion and terminating the fetal life (Ozbilgin et al., 2015), but it is reported that TNF-β is associated with an increased risk of preeclampsia and poor fetal growth among European Americans (Harmon et al., 2014).