That (1) synaptic and dendritic damages and neurotransmission alterations are underlying forces driving to loss of connectivity, memory deficit, cognitive impairment, and dementia in general (137, 173, 174); (2) large experimental data have been accrued the relevance of insulin axis for the neuronal physiology and survival (6); and (3) the tremendously negative impact of brain insulin axis bankruptcy in aging and AD brains (6, 175, 176) judiciously vindicate insulin interventions as an avenue to mitigate AD progression and ultimately reduce cognitive impairment. Here, INS is linked to Alzheimer disease.