NFE2L2 and cancer: Moreover, in cancer cell lines (Table 1), increased expression levels of xCT were found to be associated with increased intracellular levels of glutathione and cisplatin resistance.7 In fact, xCT is considered to be the main transporter of cystine in cancer (Table 1)25–27 and its expression is controlled by nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), a master regulator of the cellular redox state,28 highlighting the importance of xCT in an oxidative stress-resistant cancer cell phenotype.