The corresponding results of AFP were: HCC versus chronic hepatitis: AUC (95%CI) 0.718 (0.629–0.796), sensitivity 54.7%, specificity 91.3% (Fig. 2D); HCC versus cirrhosis: AUC (95%CI) 0.718 (0.622–0.810), sensitivity 53.3%, specificity 100% (Fig. 2E); and HCC versus chronic HBV infection without HCC: AUC (95%CI) 0.721 (0.643–0.790), sensitivity 54.7%, specificity 93.6% (Fig. 2F, Table S6). Here, AFP is linked to chronic hepatitis.