This is because persistent activation of NRF2 in cancer cells confers multiple advantages, such as increased survival due to enhanced antioxidant and detoxification capacities13,14, increased proliferation as a result of metabolic reprogramming15–17, protection of translational machinery from oxidative damage18, and aggressive tumorigenesis resulting from the modulation of secretory phenotypes19. This evidence concerns the gene NFE2L2 and cancer.