CTGF binds to PDGF receptor (PDGFR), leading PDGFR to be phosphorylated, and activating various cytoplasmic downstream signaling pathway, for instance, rat sarcoma-mitogen-activated protein kinase (Ras-MAPK), phosphatidyl-inositol-3-kinase (PI3K), phospholipase C-γ (PLC-γ) pathway and others14. This evidence concerns the gene PDGFRB and sarcoma.