Multiple icv injections of AZD7545 (6.4 nM of CSF concentration), GSK2837808A (2 μM of CSF concentration) or oxamate (25 μg) significantly attenuated the diabetes-induced expression of proinflammatory cytokines Tnf-α, Il-1β, and Il-6 mRNAs, in the hypothalamus (Fig. 5b). Here, TNF is linked to diabetes mellitus.