AIF1 and diabetes mellitus: To determine whether intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of Bay 11-7085 and Ki20227 inhibits diabetes-induced hypothalamic inflammation, we measured the number of NF-κB p65-positive nuclei and Iba1-positive microglia, respectively (Fig. 3b), and the mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines such as Tnf-α, Il-1β, and Il-6 (Fig. 3c) at the end of the behavioral studies.