PGF and hypertensive disorder: Although the role of PlGF in inducing hypertension during pregnancy has been associated with several mechanisms involving immune cells and cytokines dysregulation, a definitive link between PlGF-induced hypertension and the immune system, even in non-pregnant animal models, was reported in a study by Carnevale et al. The authors demonstrated that PlGF, through mediating a neuroimmune interaction, played a key role in the spleen’s immune system by organizing the T-cell response to hypertensive challenge in ANGII-treated mice.