Furthermore, there is evidence to show that nutraceuticals such as curcumin, tocotrienols, kelp, ashwagandha and resveratrol, in addition to exerting an anti-proliferative effect on breast cancer cells, can also downregulate ERα while stabilizing the anti-proliferative ERβ, thereby altering the ERα:ERβ ratio. This evidence concerns the gene ESR1 and breast carcinoma.