CSF3 and acute myeloid leukemia: Additionally, it can increase the level of cytarabine triphosphate, an active metabolite of cytarabine, thus enhancing the toxicity of cytarabine against AML progenitor cells and immature cells.[19] In addition, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor can be released into peripheral blood, promote granulocyte maturation, and decrease the duration of bone marrow suppression.