The direct inhibition of IL-1β using the monoclonal antibody 01BSUR was also recently assessed in different mouse models including Kawasaki Disease, renal inflammation and AAAs.9,32,33 Isoda et al. showed that treatment with 01BSUR decreased AngII-induced AAAs in IL-1 Ra-deficient mice.9 Histological analyses were performed after 28 days of AngII-infusion and revealed decreased degeneration of smooth muscle cells, elastic fibers and a decreased accumulation of inflammatory cells. The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is achalasia-alacrima syndrome.