Significant risk factors included valvular heart disease (OR 1.28; 95% CI 1.06–1.54), renal failure (OR 3.81; 95% CI 3.29–4 .42), and diabetes (OR 1.52; 95% CI 1.31–1.75), as well as the use of pharmacologic medication (including potassium-sparing diuretics (OR 3.01; 95% CI 2.61–3.48) and ACE inhibitors (OR 1.70; 95% CI 1.41–2.04)) [74]. The gene discussed is ACE; the disease is diabetes mellitus.