MAP1LC3A and infection: While it has been proposed that LC3 dissociation from PVM at later stages of infection (40 h) is necessary for Plasmodium intrahepatic development15,20 our recent work has proved that the parasite protein UIS3 binds to, and retains, LC3 on the PVM from a very early stage of infection, which protects the parasite from host autophagy machinery and supports parasite survival and development within the hepatocytes11.