It is inevitable that some patients may receive IFN-α treatment because of high WT1 expressions which were actually not relevant to leukemia (i.e., receiving prophylactic IFN-α treatment), but Klingemann et al.46 demonstrated that even prophylactic IFN-α treatment could also decrease the risk of relapse after allo-HSCT. The gene discussed is WT1; the disease is leukemia.