Since several pivotal research revealing surveillance of micronuclei by cGAS, much attention was paid to the synergy between DNA damage and ICIs.136,137 Accumulation of cytoplasmic DNA in micronuclei of tumor cells, which was induced by radiation or chemotherapy agents (such as cisplatin and etoposide), DNA damage repair blockage (such as PARP inhibition and BRCA1 deficient), and CHK1 inhibition to prevent cell cycle arrest during DNA damage repair, could activate cGAS-STING pathway to induce the innate immunity.138–141. This evidence concerns the gene PARP1 and neoplasm.