IRF3 and neoplasm: An artificial ligand to TLR3, a synthetic DNA-dsRNA hybrid molecule (ARNAX) can activate antigen-presenting dendritic cells to induce cytotoxic T lymphocyte proliferation through TLR3-TICAM-1-IRF3-IFNβ pathway.89 On the other hand, it can establish a tumor suppression microenvironment through inducing the expression of DCs recruitment-related genes including CCL4, CCL5, and CCL27.