IFIH1 and neoplasm: In addition, viral elements (such as DNA and RNA) can bind to nucleic-acid receptors (such as TLRs, cGAS-STING, MDA5, RIG-I, and so on), which triggers the release of type I IFNs and chemokines.154–156 Moreover, the death of tumor cells results in the release of soluble tumor-associated antigens, viral pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), and cell derived damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs).