Further, pathway analysis using the KEGG database showed enrichment of various significant pathways, namely, metabolic, pathways in cancer, PI3K-Akt, MAPK, thermogenesis, JAK-STAT, autophagy and insulin signaling in all the four groups (CD versus HFD, CROb versus WNIN/Ob, LEAN versus WNIN/Ob and LEAN versus CROb)(Additional file 1: 1.7, Additional 2: 2.6, Additional file 3: 3.5, Additional file 4: 4.5). Here, INS is linked to cancer.