In fact, in the ICIs resistant B16-GM-CSF model, the combination of either an anti-CTLA-4 (9H10 clone, 100 μg/mouse) or an anti-PD-1 (RPM1-14 clone, 250 μg/mouse) (four doses every third day) with IPI-549 significantly delayed tumor growth, compared to ICIs administered as single agents. Here, CSF2 is linked to neoplasm.