As shown in Figure 1A, adding nicotine treatment to infected macrophages significantly decreased TLR2 expression across all infections (MAP + nicotine: 2.0 ± 1.04 vs. MAP alone: 10.03 ± 0.64; p < 0.05), (MTB+ nicotine: 2.24 ± 1.14 vs. MTB alone: 10.11 ± 1.02; p < 0.05), or (LPS + nicotine: 3.07 ± 1.40 vs. LPS alone: 8.19 ± 1.01; p < 0.05). Here, TLR2 is linked to infection.