TNF and congenital rubella syndrome: In this way, evidence suggests that cytokine release syndrome (CRS) produces an uncontrolled and overwhelming release of proinflammatory mediators, including IL-6, IL-1β, IL-10, and TNF-α, induced protein 10 (IP10), and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), which were significantly elevated in patients with COVID-19.