PCNA and cancer: Moreover, the transcriptional activity of genes (PCNA, KRAS, MYC, VEGF) and transcription factors (NF-κB) involved in cell proliferation, and initiation or progression of cancer can be modulated upon introduction and processing of 8-oxodG within promoters and 5′ untranslated regions via BER (30–34), altogether suggesting a role for OGG1 in cancer development.