When grouped by associated biological pathways, genes associated with signaling pathways (n = 70/87, 80%), chromatin modifiers (n = 19/87, 22%) and, the cohesin complex (n = 13/87, 15%) were mutated in more than 10% of the cohort and frequencies of mutations in RAS (KRAS or NRAS), chromatin modifiers (including ASXL2) and, cohesin complex were significantly different between the two subtypes of CBF-AML (P < 0.002, P < 0.01, and P < 0.02, respectively, Figure S1). This evidence concerns the gene KRAS and acute myeloid leukemia.