No significant changes were observed in CD39 mRNA levels and MFI following NCL and HNRNPA1 silencing in Treg and Th17 cells obtained from healthy subjects (Fig. 6c, d) and in the levels of CD39-AS RNA in Treg and Th17 cells from both Crohn’s disease patients and healthy subjects (Fig. 6c, d). Here, ENTPD1 is linked to Crohn disease.