Individuals with genetic/heritable disorders in which bronchiectasis, emphysema, and/or lung immune defects are important sequelae are also predisposed to NTM lung disease; such underlying disorders include cystic fibrosis (CF), primary ciliary dyskinesia, alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, congenital bronchial cartilage deficiency (Williams–Campbell syndrome), tracheobronchomegaly (Mounier–Kuhn syndrome), Sjogren’s syndrome, pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, and common variable immunodeficiency [38]. The gene discussed is SERPINA1; the disease is cystic fibrosis.