Becker and colleagues [50] performed whole-exome sequencing on 11 NTM lung disease subjects with slender body habitus, pectus excavatum, and scoliosis and found four (two being sisters) with heterozygous mutations of the MACROPHAGE-STIMULATING 1 RECEPTOR (MST1R) gene and in none of 29 NTM lung disease patients without pectus excavatum or scoliosis. This evidence concerns the gene MST1R and scoliosis.