CXCL12 and carcinoma: Additionally in pancreatic cancer, targeting the chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12 (CXCL12) from FAP-expressing carcinoma-associated fibroblasts synergises with anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy [34], and this is a very interesting route to explore the therapeutic potential of FAP expression in CCRCC, particularly in patients non-responding to immunological checkpoints antagonists.