Notably, the production flux through malate dehydrogenase was 1.11 mmol·gDW·h−1 from malate to oxaloacetate 4 h post infection, whereas the flux from oxaloacetate to malate was 3.25 mmol·gDW·h−1; the two metabolites (malate and oxaloacetate) were utilized by the gluconeogenesis pathway, resulting in significantly increased fluxes through gluconeogenesis (Figure 4b). The gene discussed is PHGDH; the disease is infection.