Astaxanthin treatment exhibited significant improvements in renal functional parameters and exerted anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects by increasing the expression of Nrf2 and inhibiting the activation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in FSGS mouse models [45]. The gene discussed is NFE2L2; the disease is focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.