In a preclinical setting, Pexa-Vec intravenous administration prior to surgical resection in patients with advanced solid tumors was shown to activate NK cells as well as CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in tumor tissues, in addition to elevating the expression levels of antitumor immune cytokines including IFN-α, IL-3, IL-12p40, IL-16, and IL-18 [110]. The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is neoplasm.